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I started a junior IBD job when I had a toddler. It was impossible, so I quit for audit

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When you go into a junior investment banking job, you give up on your personal life. Partners fall away, friends become distant and your apartment becomes a place to lay your head for a few hours every night. But what if you were married with a young child when you started out?

For Richard Atkins (a pseudonym), the choice of going into investment banking after graduating with an MBA from Chicago Booth Business School was a pretty simple one. For all the talk of MBAs falling out of love with banking, if you go to the right school, investment banking is still the main choice, he says.

“Consultants wanted to be bankers, bankers wanted to be consultants,” he says. “I’d say around 100 people ended up in banking from my class, and the vast majority had interned the previous year.”

But unlike the vast majority of new associates, Atkins has a wife and a young son. 80-plus hour weeks are expected from juniors working in IBD, but most of his contemporaries were young, free and single. After a few months in the role, Atkins quit his banking job in New York, but has stuck with finance by going into an audit job in Europe.

“The breaking point was when a family member got ill and I struggled to take time out to see them. My employer was understanding, but if you’re out of the office for any period of time it puts strain on the other juniors,” he says.

“I knew there would always be something that would keep me out of the office, and it’s difficult when everyone else is there the whole time. If my son got sick, I couldn’t take him to the doctors, or just simply not being able to help at home. So, I decided to quit,” he says.

Most MBAs going into investment banking are aware of the nature of the work, largely because the majority have interned previously, says Atkins. If you go to the right business school, investment banks are still rolling out the red carpet for top MBAs, offering various social events and putting forward senior bankers to sell the benefits of a banking career.

“It’s pretty cool, senior bankers tell you that you’re the cream of the crop, and that the future is in your hands,” he says. “You get to meet a lot of managing directors who tell you why they got into banking and why they still love it.”

But, of course, the working hours are brutal and banks’ efforts to reduce them are unlikely to change this. UBS, for example, has a ‘take two’ scheme that allows analysts to have two hours of personal time if they can find someone to cover for them. Or Barclays’ policy of protecting weekends for juniors ‘as much as possible’. You’re still not going to have a lot of free time.

“MDs can drop work on your desk at any moment. There might not be deals on all the time, but the pitch process is constant, and you never know when a client might demand something,” says Atkins. “It’s difficult to get away from this – the only way to stop it is to hire a lot more people.”

Atkins still thinks that investment banking is a great career, but the pace of working in audit is more conducive to a life outside of work.

“It’s a change. You have meetings ahead of other meetings and the pace of getting things done is so much slower than investment banking. But I get to see my family,” he says.

So, why not quit finance entirely for the red hot tech sector?

“In tech things are so unstructured and the career path relatively erratic that it’s actually difficult for MBAs unless you’ve started the company yourself. Finance offers a much more linear route,” he says.

Contact: pclarke@efinancialcareers.com

Photo: Getty Images

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Where to study to get a job at UBS or Credit Suisse in Hong Kong

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Credit Suisse and UBS are both hiring in Hong Kong. UBS opened a new office in Kowloon last year, while Credit Suisse is recruiting hundreds of people into its Asian private bank.

But as the Swiss rivals expand in the city, which local universities are they getting their graduates from?

To find out, we searched through online employee profiles for recent graduates (people with up to two years’ experience) who are now working at Credit Suisse or UBS in Hong Kong and who also studied at one of the city’s leading universities.

Then we converted the numbers into the percentage of people who studied at each school. And we did this per bank, as shown in the table below.

Hong Kong University – which offers well-established Bachelor degrees in Economics, Economics and Finance, and Quantitative Finance – is your best bet for getting a graduate job at either bank.

By contrast, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology graduates have been significantly more popular at Credit Suisse (they make up 31% on its local intake) over the past two years than at UBS (16%).

Chinese University of Hong Kong – whose Business School offers eight BBA and BSc undergraduate programmes – supplies a significant percentage of juniors to UBS (27%) and Credit Suisse (22%), according to staff public profiles.

Interestingly, while Citi, HSBC and Standard Chartered hire plenty of people from City University of Hong Kong, our table show that this college is not the place to study if you want to work at a big Swiss bank.

Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and the Open University – not renowned for their finance courses – all supply similarly low amounts of graduates to the banks.

Despite global banks professing to want to hire more non-business and finance grads, there are no Credit Suisse or UBS employee profiles of people who’ve graduated recently from Lingnan University, Hong Kong’s liberal arts-focused institution.


Image credit: FatCamera, Getty

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“I’m a private banker in Asia. Compliance is ruining my world”

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As recently as five or six years ago, I was still enjoying the golden period of my career in Asian private banking.

Most of my working hours were spent doing the things that might spring to mind when you think ‘private banking’: talking to clients and structuring deals for them.

These days, however, I’m still technically a relationship manager at the same US bank in Hong Kong, but I often consider myself more a compliance officer than a banker.

The other day I spent around 70% of my time dealing with client compliance issues. Admittedly, this is at the extreme end – but you see my point.

To give you a broad example of what I mean, my bank has added more layers of checks and balances onto our current clients.

We used to do due diligence on them every three years, then it became two…now it’s one.

While regulators in Asia are driving down this timescale, banks in Asia are actually trying to stay ahead of the game and carry out more regular client reviews than are required by law.

Due-diligence updates are basically coming in all the time for me to help compliance with. I did eight client reviews in February alone – that’s a lot of work and time away from generating revenue.

Moreover, private bankers are of course expected to bring in new clients – it’s a competitive landscape in Asia with some firms having quit the market completely over the last year.

But while at the start of my career (I’ve worked in Hong Kong wealth for about 12 years) I could open an account for a client in days, now it might take months.

These delays have the added effect of discouraging people from moving jobs. Tier-two private banks are trying to poach people from firms like mine, but are finding it difficult.

Perhaps this is not such a bad thing, but compliance is the main reason I really can’t be bothered looking at other opportunities myself.

Could I really convince enough of my clients to move with me and go through an arduous onboarding process which examines every source of their wealth?

Moving means a pay increase, a better job title and perhaps even a guaranteed bonus. But in Asian private banking you have to start hitting your revenue targets in less than a year after joining a new firm – and it’s largely compliance that makes this a problem.

Thomas Cheong (a pseudonym) is a senior relationship manager at a US bank in Hong Kong.


Image credit: mikdam, Getty

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Why Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan pay, why other banks don’t so much

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You’ll earn more working for Goldman Sachs or J.P. Morgan than for other banks. This is especially true if you work for either bank in London. Goldman Sachs, for example, pays each of its Fleet Street staff 40% more than the average it pays its people worldwide. New research from banking intelligence firm Tricumen helps explain why.

Using its proprietary data, Tricumen has calculated the productivity per head of front office staff in different divisions of major investment banks in Europe the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and the U.S. The results are shown in the charts below.

Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan bankers are far more productive than bankers at other firms in EMEA

Tricumen’s research suggests Goldman Sachs bankers working across capital markets (defined as sales and trading and M&A and equity and debt origination) are around 2.8 and 1.6 times more productive than the market average. By comparison, EMEA capital markets professionals at Citi, RBS, SocGen, BNP, Credit Suisse, Deutsche and UBS are a lot less productive than the average (and need to shape up, or be cut back). And the productivity of capital markets professionals at Barclays and HSBC is about normal.

The huge productivity disparity makes it unsurprising that Goldman and J.P. Morgan are so generous in London. As the bar chart (based on pay for risk takers in 2015) shows, Goldman pays its London risk takers more than twice as much as Citi – which is hardly surprising given that Citi’s front capital markets staff each produce around a third as much in revenues.

Operating revenue / Front Office headcount (FTE, 2016), EMEA Capital Markets 

Tricumen EMEA overall

Source: Tricumen 

Source: Banks’ Pillar 3 reports

Bankers’ overall productivity is more equitable between banks in the Americas 

If London bankers’ deserve the huge discrepancies in their pay, Tricumen’s research suggests big variations are much less justifiable in the Americas. Here, Goldman Sachs bankers are still super-productive and J.P. Morgan bankers are a bit more productive than the rest, but across U.S. capital markets overall bankers at most other players tend towards the average.

Operating revenue/front office headcount (FTE, 2016), Americas Capital Markets 

Americas Tricumen

Source: Tricumen 

Citigroup’s fixed income traders are the most productive in EMEA, J.P. Morgan’s are the most productive in the Americas 

The high level discrepancies in capital markets productivity are also evident in fixed income currencies and commodities (FICC) sales and trading, where variations are again biggest in EMEA. Here, Tricumen says Citi’s fixed income traders are by far the most productive and that Morgan Stanley’s EMEA fixed income traders are by far the least. In the Americas, the fixed income productivity prize goes to J.P. Morgan and the loser is Citi.

Operating revenue / Front Office headcount (FTE, 2016), FICC EMEA 

FICC bankers EMEA

Source: Tricumen

Operating revenue / Front Office headcount (FTE, 2016), FICC Americas

FICC Americas

Source: Tricumen

Morgan Stanley’s equities traders are super-productive everywhere. J.P. Morgan’s are pretty-productive in EMEA 

Lastly, Morgan Stanley’s equities traders deserve to get paid even if its (European) fixed income traders don’t. As the charts below show, the U.S. bank’s equities traders are far more productive than the average everywhere. However, they’re especially productive in the Americas, where each Morgan Stanley equities traders generates revenues twice as high as the average. It’s unfortunate then that Morgan Stanley cut the bonus pool for its equities traders this year

Goldman Sachs’s equities traders are also super-productive. Credit Suisse, as usual, is the laggard.

Operating revenue / Front Office headcount (FTE, 2016), equities, EMEA

EQuities tricumen

Source: Tricumen

Operating revenue / Front Office headcount (FTE, 2016), equities, Americas

Morgan Stanley equities Americas

Source: Tricumen


Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com

Photo credit: Strong Man is Strong by Lauren Mitchell is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

Non-bonuses paid, people are leaving Deutsche Bank

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Last Thursday was Deutsche Bank’s non-bonus day. If Deutsche Bank were paying bonuses, Thursday was the day it would’ve splashed them out. In the event, Deutsche Bank’s bonus pool was down 80% and Thursday was a day of disappointment. People are free to leave.

At least one Deutsche Banker is said to have quit already. Insiders say David Steckl, Deutsche’s co-head of structured rates sales in the U.S., has gone to UBS. Steckl joined Deutsche from Credit Suisse in December 2012 as the bank set about growing its U.S. macro business. He’s the latest in a succession of exits from the U.S. rates team – Chris Yoshida, the New York-based global head of rates distribution, left last year, as did head of U.S. rates sales Bryan North-Clauss. 

Deutsche Bank declined to comment.

In London, headhunters are joking about setting up shop in the Globe Pub on Moorgate – across the road from Deutsche’s office on London Wall. “People at Deutsche are much more receptive to approaches from headhunters than they used to be,” says one, claiming that senior Deutsche bankers are “bitter and depressed” and that juniors “just want to get out.”

This might be the case, but Steckl aside exits from Deutsche have been comparatively light. Two weeks ago, CEO John Cryan promised to bring the “fun” back to Deutsche after cutting another €3.1bn of non-front office costs and raising another €8bn of capital. At that time, headhunters said Deutsche staff were pulling together against the recent adversity.

Deutsche is also paying retention bonuses to a small number of the staff it values the most. However, as we reported previously, these come with punitive conditions attached and require Deutsche’s share price to rise by 26% between now and 2021.


Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com


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The top 30 Masters in Finance courses for getting a job in hedge funds, private equity and asset management

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Having a Masters in Finance degree on your resume is becoming an increasingly important way of landing a graduate job in investment banking. Breaking into the buy-side is an altogether tougher proposition.

In the past couple of years hedge funds and private equity firms have started hiring graduates directly from university, but these places are still highly-contested and firms hire a handful of people. Even large asset managers, which have well-established graduate recruitment programmes, hire a few students into them – especially when compared to the banks.

If your career ambition is to work in the buy-side, is it worth staying longer at university – and paying thousands of dollars more in fees – to complete a specialist Masters in Finance course? We’ve trawled through the eFinancialCareers CV database, encompassing more than 1.5m resumes, to find out which universities are most likely to give you an edge over the competition.

The results suggest that at many schools a relatively small proportion of MSc in Finance graduates go on to get a job in hedge funds, private equity or asset management. At our top-ranked university, London Business School, 32% of graduates on our database are now working in one of the three buy-side sectors, but the percentage is much lower for most other institutions. Predictably, hedge funds and private equity firms – which tend to be smaller employers who hire raw undergraduates that they can mould into the employees they need – don’t recruit as many MSc Finance graduates as asset management firms do.

The overall rankings assigned to each school reflect the relative difficulty of securing buy-side jobs away from asset management. We’ve therefore given a higher weighting to the number of graduates working in hedge funds, followed by those who are employed in private equity. Universities with more private equity and hedge fund graduates tend to rank towards the top of our table as a result.

The more well-established Masters in Finance programmes based in the UK and Europe largely fare better than their US or Asian counterparts, with the exception of MIT’s course, which sits fourth in the rankings.

We don’t claim these rankings are all-encompassing – they don’t include earning potential, career progression or the number of students finding jobs immediately after graduation. But they do reflect the number of graduates from these schools going on to get a job in private equity, hedge funds and asset management.

Contact: pclarke@efinancialcareers.com

Photo: Getty Images

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How to get through 100-hour weeks as a boutique IB analyst

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Some boutique investment banks on Wall Street have the reputation of being “sweatshops”. As an analyst who worked as a boutique, I can tell you that you’ll have to work 80, or even 100, hours a week during peak busy periods.

This is more brutal than some of the bulge brackets and burnout is common. The way to survive or thrive is finding a routine and sticking to it without fail. You suddenly go from screwing around in college and working as little as, say, three hours a week on school work to being staffed on deals requiring 80-plus active hours a week at your desk.

Here are some survival tips to avoid crashing and burning.

Boutique IB survival guide

Investment banking rarely gets boring because there’s no built in routine, but this can also cause a lot of stress as you can’t plan ahead around your work schedule. That can also cause your social life and personal relationships to suffer and lead to burnout. Based on three former colleagues working at boutiques, these are three good techniques for getting a bit of relaxation in your life.

The time to think approach: Person A said that he walks to work every morning – as long as he doesn’t wake up to an emergency email. This helps make up for the exercise that he no longer gets. At night, no matter how tired he is, he will read at least two chapters of a book. It doesn’t matter what genre. The point is to allow him to think about something else besides work so that work isn’t on his mind 24/7 and consumes him even when he’s away from the office trying to relax.

The light at the end of the tunnel approach: Person B says that everyone he knows in the industry is facing some level of depression and small mental breakdowns are unfortunately common. Therefore you need to have a positive attitude and find your own coping mechanisms to survive. His coping mechanism was thinking through a business plan for a future start-up. His positive attitude was predicated on the fact that he knew he was going to form his own start-up. He actually already had an offer to work at one after putting his two years as an investment banking analyst.

This is like my coping mechanism – booking a vacation well in advance so that I have something to look forward to, a light at the end of the tunnel.

The mandatory exercise approach: Person C told me that he forms his own routine by working out every morning at 7:30 a.m. every day, no matter how tired he is, unless he had to pull an all-nighter that goes past this time, obviously. This allows him to have some form of predictability and survive.

Lastly, as every associate knows but some analysts learn the hard way, don’t go ridiculous on the meal allowance, because that just destroys you. You will gain a ton of weight and your health will deteriorate. There are healthy options that my friends and I get on most days. At my firm, we get $35 dollars a day, so that can get bad really quickly. Most people combat this by buying dinner and lunch for the next day with the dinner allowance – healthy body, healthy mind.

Luke Williams (a pseudonym) works for a boutique investment bank in New York.

Photo credit: lolostock/GettyImages
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Barclays just hired a managing director to automate and offshore everything

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Tim Throsby, the new boss of Barclays’ investment bank, has been about since the start of this year. So, is Throsby behind Barclays’ recent appointment of one of banking’s big beasts in automation and offshoring?

We don’t know, but anyone at Barclays investment bank who’s sitting in London or New York doing a job that could a) just as easily be done in Mumbai, or b) just as easily be done by a computer, has reason to fear this month’s arrival of Leon Macpherson.

A self-proclaimed specialist in, ‘digital, cost reduction, operating model design, industrialisation, rightshoring and transformation planning,’ Macpherson is an ex-strategy consultant who likes to shake things up. He cut his teeth at Accenture, where he was, ‘banking Industralisation lead’ for EMEA. He’s spent the past four years running his own consultancy, Corum, of which Barclays was a client. Now he’s come in-house at the bank, and he’s done so as a managing director – suggesting big things are expected of him.

Macpherson’s arrival comes after Barclays’ CEO Jes Staley promised to “fix the bank.” Staley’s strategy at Barclays involves sharing operations across Barclays’ divisions and (in Staley’s words during the Q4 investor call),  “building Barclays on a foundation of world class operations and technology.” From this perspective, Macpherson may well be Staley’s rather than Throsby’s fixer.

In light of Macpherson’s expertise as a “location strategist” it’s also tempting to think he might get involved in Barclays’ preparations for Brexit. This may not be a big job, though: Barclays’ declared Brexit plans simply involve shifting 150 people to Dublin. 


Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com


This Blockchain start up has big hiring plans, and has just recruited an MD trader

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Adam Leonard, the founder and CEO of blockchain-based fintech start BlockEx, has a plan to expand aggressively by adding headcount across three continents. His most recent move was to add a veteran bond trader most recently a managing director at Mizuho in the City.

Last month, James Godfrey joined BlockEx as managing director of capital markets. He worked trading sterling bonds at UBS for more than a decade, working his way up to director before joining Commerzbank to set up sterling and euro credit trading desks in London.

From there, he went on to join Nomura as a managing director running the credit trading desks for around eight years, then a brief stint at Daiwa Capital Markets before building up Mizuho’s credit trading in the City “from scratch”, but left last year due to illness.

“In 2014, I was very ill, and after stepping down the following year to get healthy, I decided to do something a bit different with my life, which is why I ended up here. I’m lucky to be here – it gives you a different outlook on life, he said. “I wanted to something more exciting than buying and selling bonds all day, and this is something new, which is fun. I’m sitting here in jeans drinking a beer on Friday afternoon and many of my contemporaries are miserable working at banks.”

BlockEx is hiring engineers, developers and more

Leonard describes BlockEx as a digital asset exchange platform, a pooled liquidity exchange and a high-frequency-trading matching engine built to meet the needs of buy-side and sell-side traders.

BlockEx executives have ambitions beyond the exchange platform. Leonard said people who are taking security seriously are coupling the Internet of things together with blockchain.

“Blockchain is a key part of our platform, but the vast majority of what we’re building at the moment is not blockchain-related – we do have a couple of blockchain experts with between five and seven years of experience., and we have a PhD coming in to lead the blockchain initiatives,” Leonard said. “The exchange portion is very traditional, and the reconciliation process is very traditional – it’s the wallet infrastructure that allows us to interact with various types of blockchain and create digital assets, manage corporate accounts and do blockchain-based clearing.”

While financial services firms are obviously the core clientele for the exchange, Leonard claims to be in discussions to apply the firm’s technology to the supply chain.

“If we close these contracts, then we’ll probably have to hire another 100 developers,” Leonard said. “Our focus is on builds that leave behind a tradeable asset that can be put on the exchange.

“We’re don’t have any PhDs yet, but we have a PhD as an adviser and we’re making an effort to start hiring them soon,” he said. “For the most part, the engineers we have are very experienced – they all have computer science degrees, and most have 10 years or more experience in particular functions, a mix of developers from the trading world, the exchange world and banking.”

Blockchain’s impact on banking jobs 

Blockchain won’t impact trading jobs, but it will likely decimate back-office functions.

“There will always be a human element – I started trading in the ’80s and there were certainly many more people buying and selling bonds and equities then than there are now,” Godfrey said. “Trading and sales teams won’t be badly hit by blockchain, but settlement and accountancy roles will, because a huge portion of your settlements department is no longer needed.

“The fact that it is self-reconciling and feeds directly into your accountancy software, that will hit accountancy departments as well,” he said. “Banks are going to try to buy this up and use it to cut costs, and it remains to be seen how revolutionary how this technology will be.”

Photo credit: phongphan5922/GettyImages
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Senior trader rejoins BNP Paribas in Hong Kong just months after equities job cuts

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Less than a year after cutting back its cash equities unit in Asia, BNP Paribas has made a senior hire in the sector.

Antony Chiu rejoined the French bank in Hong Kong in January as a director and Greater China sales trader, specialising in cash equities and Delta One.

Chiu worked for BNP between March 2011 and October 2013 in a similar director-level position. He then moved to Credit Suisse’s cash equities trading team in Hong Kong before his former firm poached him back.

His hire follows BNP’s decision in May last year to cut about 40 jobs in its cash equities unit in Asia, including more than a dozen in Hong Kong. Other banks, most notably Barclays and Standard Chartered, also culled Asian equities jobs in 2016 as profit margins tightened due to market volatility.

However, Chiu’s skill set means he has stayed in demand, say headhunters.

At BNP, he is partly focused on “selling Delta One products” – including “custom indices and thematic baskets” – in Asia, according to his online profile.

“Delta One is one of the few areas in equities that has continued to grow in recent years and all the big banks continue to invest in it – whether that be in technology or people,” says former Jefferies trader Warwick Pearmund, now an associate director at Harvey Nash Executive Search in Hong Kong.

Chiu is also trading via the Shanghai-Hong Kong and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect programmes.

“There’s a continual flow of funds from China to Hong Kong in 2017 and candidates experienced in the Stock Connects are in demand,” says Stanley Soh, a Hong Kong-based regional country director of financial services solutions in Asia.

“But recruitment is cautious and only people with successful track records at previous banks are getting hired,” he adds.

Chiu is not the only senior hire in Hong Kong equities this year. Daniel Murphy joined UBS from J.P. Morgan this month as Asia Pacific head of equities sales and trading.

Away from the senior musical chairs, headhunters do not expect the job market in Asia equities to recover in 2017 as technology reduces the need to rebuild headcount.


Image credit: kkant1937, Getty

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How to get a banking job in Asia if you don’t already work in banking

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If you don’t work in banking but would like to get a banking job in Singapore or Hong Kong your options are obviously rather limited. Banks like to groom their own graduate talent or poach from rivals rather than hire from other sectors.

There are, however, some notable exceptions, particularly in Asia’s talent-short middle office, according to recruiters.

Here are some of the job functions in Singapore and Hong Kong that are most open to non-banking candidates looking for a career change.

Into operational risk (from the corporate sector)

“I’ve moved a candidate from a power company, who’d only ever worked in the corporate sector, into an AVP-level operational risk job focused on business continuity. He thought that banks really valued their risk functions – that’s what motivated him,” says Natasha Madhavan, a principal consultant at recruiters Selby Jennings in Singapore.

Business continuity is a function within ops risk that is “particularly transferable” between banks and non-banks”, adds Madhavan. “People generally move into banking because it’s a more challenging environment and banks also tend to pay their risk people well because they deal with highly sensitive information and their roles can affect revenue. But the learning curve is steep – even technically strong candidates will need to pick up banking terminology and understand the internal workings of a bank quickly.”

Into compliance (from a regulator)

As banks in Singapore and Hong Kong seek that elusive blend of local and global compliance knowledge, they are increasingly turning to regulators as a source of staff. “A stint at the MAS or HKMA is seen as favourable early in your career, especially if you also have valuable networks within the regulators and across the industry,” says Duncan McKenzie, a senior consultant at recruiters Morgan McKinley in Singapore.

Most make the move after clocking up about five years in a regulatory supervision role, allowing them to potentially clinch an AVP-level job at a bank. “Candidates are motivated to use their policy experience in a commercial context, where they may have a more interesting career ladder and will have increased earning potential,” says McKenzie. “They need to demonstrate the ability to manage strong advisory relationships with business stakeholders, which can sometimes prove to be more commercially nuanced than at a regulator.”

Into in-house tax (from the corporate sector)

Banks in Singapore and Hong Kong are clamouring for candidates to fill vacancies in internal audit and tax positions. While the Big Four are an obvious source of non-bank talent, the skill shortage is such that the net is sometimes cast wider still. “I’ve recently seen a professional from the financing arm of a major construction company move to a bank for a position in their tax department – they had a significant amount of relevant tax knowledge,” says Holly Hatton, manager of financial services and corporate governance at recruiters Michael Page Financial Services in Singapore.

Hatton says tax and accounting professionals from the corporate sector in Asia still view banking as “prestigious” and candidates who make the move tend to stay in banking long term. “Despite bonuses and job stability not being what they were, it’s a desirable path. Professionals who are determined enough to gain exposure to banking tend to be very motivated and perform well once in the role.”

Into fintech (from a tech giant)

“I’ve recently seen developers from Amazon and Google move into banking in Hong Kong – typically those with Silicon Valley experience and a strong motivation to be based in Asia,” says Vince Natteri, director of recruitment at Pinpoint Asia in Hong Kong. “In some roles, banks like Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley in Asia hire candidates from outside finance because they bring wider exposure to different technologies, which sometimes outweighs sector experience. For example, back-office development roles that require Java, Maven or similar are sometimes better filled by a candidate from a tech company.”

“Infrastructure engineers and data-centre professionals with experience in networking, server administration or scripting, from a strong enterprise-level environment – such as IBM and HP – have also moved to banking,” adds Natteri. “On occasions banks even invite non-banking candidates to apply for roles that ideally require domain knowledge. For example, because there’s strong demand for Core Java/FIX developers, banks might drop the FIX requirement and invite Core Java developers from outside finance to apply.”


Image credit: Smitt, Getty

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Morning Coffee: How Goldman Sachs gets its people to talk to each other. J.P. Morgan MD ruins his career

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Goldman Sachs is to teamwork as Donald Trump is to tall towers: the two things are usually considered inseparable. Even so, sometimes even the most team-oriented organization needs a tweak to avoid the solipsism that comes of sitting in cubicles and staring at screens all day.

Goldman has gone for that tweak. Bloomberg reports that Goldman’s new Manhattan trading hub will apply a pseudo-revolutionary concept to encourage collaboration: employees will set next to each other.

This may sound like the kind of revelation school teachers had hundreds of years ago, but at Goldman it’s a novel concept. Bloomberg says the firm is redesigning the downtown Manhattan offices of Goldman Sachs Asset Management (GSAM) so that some of its employees will get to sit “shoulder-to-shoulder” instead of at desks “scattered across three floors.” A Goldman spokesman says the new arrangement should “encourage greater collaboration” between GSAM’s investment teams and increase the “opportunities for and qualities of their interactions.” There will also be two pantries and a coffee bar to encourage further chatting, along with a conference room to house 70 people. It’s not all about the collaborative interface though: Goldman’s also throwing in a “bank of phone booths for holding private conversations.” Personability has its limits.

Separately, ex-J.P. Morgan MD Timothy Fletcher must rue the day he helped hire substandard 20 year-olds with important parents into J.P. Morgan. CNN reports that Fletcher is facing a $500k personal fine from the Federal Reserve, plus a permanent ban from the finance industry for his part in J.P. Morgan’s program to hire Chinese princelings to help grow its Asian business. Fletcher ran the program and was in charge of the junior HR group in Asia.  

Meanwhile:

After cutting the performance component of 2016 to nothing for bankers above associate level, Deutsche has also cut the corporate portion of last year’s bonuses. – Employees only got 50% of the potential payout. (CityAm) 

Goldman banker banned from finance for 10 years by Singaporean authorities:“will not tolerate conduct by any finance professional that threatens to undermine trust and confidence in Singapore’s financial system.”(Wall Street Journal)

UK management consultants are having a great time thanks to Brexit: their industry grew 7.5% last year. (Financial Times) 

Industry lobby group, TheCityUK has created a steering committee led by managers at Barclays Plc and JPMorgan Chase & Co. to explore potential trade and investment deals after Brexit. (Bloomberg) 

This isn’t a good time to move into private equity. (Alphaville) 

Citigroup hired Tom Regazzi from UBS as its new head of prime finance for North America. (Yahoo) 

Words analysts say during results calls: “great quarter,” “good,” “great,” “strong.” (Bloomberg) 

Goldman Sachs is hosting a two-day technology conference in London where 76 people are scheduled to speak. Just five of them are women. (Buzzfeed) 

Reasons not to leave big banks for boutiques or hedge funds: maternity leave is less generous at smaller firms. (Financial News) 

Why do people leave banking after they hit 40? They don’t: it’s 30. (Quora) 

Eating ice cream first thing in the morning can actually be beneficial for the brain. (IBTimes)


Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com


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Brevan Howard turns to J.P. Morgan for new macro hire

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Brevan Howard has been losing and laying off portfolio managers on its struggling global macro fund. However, it’s just turned to J.P. Morgan’s chief investment office (CIO) for a new hire.

Michael Benchitrit, a rates and FX portfolio manager at J.P. Morgan’s CIO, just joined Brevan Howard in a similar role. He worked at J.P. Morgan for over seven years after brief stints at SocGen and broker Louis Capital Markets.

Brevan Howard has generally been losing staff over the past few months, particularly those with macro expertise.

In February, FX strategist Oliver Brennan departed after close to 10 years at the hedge fund, while Chris Rivelli, an FX portfolio manager, left in December to join HSBC’s FX option trading team. Mark Deniston, the former head of rates swaps at Goldman Sachs who joined Brevan Howard in 2013, also left to head up Royal Bank of Scotland’s GBP rates trading team.

Brevan Howard cut fees on its BH Macro fund in October and waived an operational service charge after months of investor redemptions. In February, 48% of investors took up an offer to exit the fund.

In its annual report to March 2016, published in January, Brevan Howard said it had cut 32% of headcount to 122 people. It currently has 71 people registered with the Financial Conduct Authority, down from 76 at the beginning of 2016.

Contact: pclarke@efinancialcareers.com

Photo: Getty Images

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Berenberg sets its sights on aggressive U.S. recruitment after London build-out

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Berenberg has rolled out a consistent message over the past two years – we are hiring. While larger investment banks have cut back headcount, the small German bank has been happy to raid the ranks of their research analysts and has been aggressively growing in the UK. Now, says David Mortlock, its head of investment and corporate banking, Berenberg is turning its attention to the U.S.

Berenberg has continued to hire for its investment bank even as larger firms have undergone some pretty structural changes. Are you still recruiting in 2017?

Yes. The plan in the U.S. this year is to add about 30 people, 15 research analysts and five people in equity sales, as well as a handful of salestraders and traders. But there’s scope for a lot more hiring going into 2018 and beyond. Ultimately, we want our U.S. business to become a similar size to our UK and European businesses over the next three to five years.

So, that means you’re going to hire about a hundred people over that period of time?

Definitely. The U.S. is the biggest equities market globally with a revenue opportunity of $8.5bn, so it’s a huge opportunity for us.

In recent years, I spent a lot of time in the U.S. and spoke to domestic investors and people who had tried – and in some cases failed – to build success businesses there. We’re pretty clear about what we want to do and how many people we need. One of the main mistakes companies make is running before they can walk and committing to too high costs too early. We want to follow how we built in Europe – by building up costs in line with revenues.

What about the UK? Still hiring there?

In the UK there are three areas where we are looking to add people. Firstly in the sales and trading and everything across execution. This is a process now for two years in advance of the MiFID II implementation. We intend to add five to ten people on the execution side this year. The second area is our UK corporate business, where we will probably add five to ten people too. We are doing more UK ECM transactions and we are serving more corporate broking clients. We have to make sure that we are well resourced for what looks like a good opportunity for us.

The third area is our graduate scheme. We are doing in about 25 to 30 graduates every October. Irrespective of market conditions we are growing our own talent from the bottom up. Aside from the graduate scheme, it’s very much a selective recruitment. Those aggressive years of building up headcount in the UK are over.

What are the chances of you moving staff from London to Frankfurt after Brexit?

No chance.  As a German bank we have a banking licence in the EU and we have a lot of clearing and settlement activities over there.

And if other banks lose good people as a result of their Brexit-related moves then that’s an opportunity for us to hire. And if firms use Brexit as an excuse to cut costs, then again that’s a chance for us to pick up good people.

Which kind of career advice would you give to young people who would like to make their way in equities research, sales and trading under this difficult market conditions?

I have been in the industry now for over 18 years. Every few years it seems it is the end of investment banking and the end of active fund management. Generally, financial services is a very adaptable industry. My advice to young people is: Enjoy the job for what it is. It is still a fabulous career with an incredibly fast pace, it is very intellectual and very challenging and you get exposure to all sorts of interesting people and data. You really need a core enthusiasm. If you got that you can still have really rewarding careers.

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The 8 kinds of people private equity needs to hire now

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If you work in an investment banking division (IBD), you probably want to work for a private equity fund. You’re not the only one. Recruiters talk of huge numbers of people chasing every private equity job. Funds can afford to be choosy.

A new report on the state of the private equity industry from consulting firm Bain & Company offers some pointers on who private equity funds are likely to choose as they hire in 2017. Ex-bankers are still needed, but so are people with deep operational expertise.

1. PE funds need talented fund raisers

Fund raising hasn’t been a problem for private equity funds of late, but this could be about to change. Last year, Bain notes that more than 2,500 PE funds hit the road, looking to raise $890bn. However, as more funds joined them during the year, an additional $666bn was sought. For 2016 as a whole, therefore, capital sought exceeded capital raised by 2.4 times.

There are fears that the industry can’t sustain this pace of fund raising. Slowing exits, falling stock markets and a possible recession all have the potential to frighten investors away and make fund raisers’ job harder.

More than 300 buyout funds went on the road at the start of 2016, aiming to raise $244 billion

PE fund raising

Source: Bain & Co

2. PE funds need exceptional deal-makers 

Private equity funds might’ve raised big money from investors, but that doesn’t mean they’ve done anything with it. As Bain & Co note, so-called “dry powder” (money that hasn’t been invested), is now at record levels in the private equity industry. Finding somewhere to invest it is a problem – Acquisition multiples in the U.S. and Europe are close to record highs at more than 10 times EBITDA. In the circumstances, it’s hard to see how assets bought at these prices will generate big returns – particularly if a recession takes place.

As a result, funds need to hire deal-makers who can sniff out good investments and see a way to making returns, even at high purchase prices.

Dry powder reached another record level in 2016

Private equity dry powder

Source: Bain & Co

3. Funds need deal-makers with experience of software companies

Deal-makers with experience of the software sector hold a particular allure for private equity funds. Bain notes that revenue growth in software companies tends to exceed other sectors: the five largest software public-to-private deals in 2015 and 2016 had average annual revenue growth of 22.6% vs. just 5.7% for the non-tech deals. However, this comes at a cost: the average price-to-EBITDA multiple for the software deals was 18.1 vs. 10.2 for non-tech deals.

As a result, funds particularly need deal-makers who can direct funds to the software investments which will make money despite their high cost.

Software and tech-enabled services account for about 80% of technology deals by count and value

Private equity software

Source: Bain & Co

4. Funds need people with operational experience in software companies

Once a software investment has been made, private equity funds need people with the operational expertise to make money from it.  Bain says management teams at successful software companies have often neglected to “aggressively optimize costs.”

This makes it comparatively easy for experienced investors with software management expertise to optimize the companies invested in. Software businesses are expected to have EBITDA margins of 40% or higher. Most companies fall short of this, creating opportunities for people with experience of working in the software sector to add value.

5. PE funds need massive schmoozers

Before they can actually make the investment, private equity funds first need to identify the best targets. For this, they need to hire people who will get out there and see what’s on offer. This takes a lot of networking. Bain notes that for every 100 potential deal opportunities, only one or two deals usually close. As the chart below shows, Bain says managing directors in PE funds should be networking with 20-30 active deal targets, plus another 30 potentials. networking bain

Source: Bain & Co

6. They need experts in operational due diligence

With purchase prices high and funds needing to make operational improvements to the companies they invest in rather than simply flipping them on again, successful PE investing is about improving operating margins. This means funds need to conduct operational due diligence to establish how operations can be restructured before they make the purchase. The key is cutting costs and achieving top-line growth. This requires a deep understanding of how the business works and familiarity with direct competitors and industry standards.

7. Funds need data scientists

Investment banks and hedge funds aren’t the only ones chasing data scientists.  Bain says private equity is starting to take advantage of “advanced analytical tools” too. The chart below shows the potential application of data to the PE investing process – data can be used for everything from analyzing customer reviews to looking at social media sentiment about a target.

Advanced analytics for use in PE

private equity data

Source: Bain & Co

8. PE funds need people who can prepare their investments for a strategic sale

Lastly, an investment is nothing without an exit. As the chart below from Bain’s report shows, exits peaked in 2014 before falling off again. Instead of initial public offerings (IPOs) and sales to other private equity companies (sponsor to sponsor), most exits now take the form of strategic sales to corporations. This has been the case since 2008.

Private equity investing is now far less about a “quick flip” and far more about investing in a company for the long term. In 2016 only 18% of all buyouts concerned investments held by private equity companies for less than three years – down from 44% in 2008. Private equity funds therefore need to hire people with both the operational expertise to turn companies around and with the deal-making expertise to find a trade buyer to sell the turnaround to.

Sales to strategic buyers remained the dominant channel, and IPO value halved from 2015

PE strategic sale

Source: Bain & Co


Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com

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“If you want to make it to managing director on the trading floor, this is the secret”

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By now, most people will have received their bonus, and as a former managing director in sales at Nomura, this time of year always draws me back to awkward conversations I had with some of the people I managed.

When I handed the bonus envelope across to directors and VPs in my team, it wasn’t just the figure that was discussed. The first question on pretty much everyone’s lips was “Why wasn’t I promoted when I was one of your biggest producers?”

Now, let’s understand their motivations here. Many sales staff are not interested in a promotion because they have aspirations to be a good manager, but because they can earn more money in a bigger role. Herein lies the problem.

I was lucky enough to get a good mentor at an early stage of my career and listened to advice from senior sales and trading professionals. It boils down to this: promotion comes from helping others.

Selfish behaviour is being managed out. A few years ago I witnessed a “top” salesman in New York hold up a sign saying ‘it’s all about me’ every time he booked a big trade. We don’t see that extreme now, but rather obviously, banks like big producers, and they get paid the most based on what they bring in. But this doesn’t mean that they should be promoted into a management role.

I managed my sales teams by de-emphasizing sales credits. I had managers who didn’t like this – they accused me of paying too little attention to my sales credit budget and concentrating too hard on individual career development and generating long-term client trust.

Sales teams at investment banks are currently being decimated as an increasing number of firms concentrate their client focus on those who bring in the bulk of the business. Sales staff are already paranoid people and they protect their clients like a mother eagle guarding her nest.

If you want to make it up the ranks, I believe that sales staff need to ‘gift’ their clients to their colleagues. This, whether they like it or not, is what management is – the best leaders and mentors scale out their experiences to their reports. Clients win, the firm wins, and ultimately the individual wins.

Very few people in sales can bring themselves to do this. They feel like they’re risking their job and their mortgage in the belief that their management team is only looking at how much money they’re bringing in. Sadly, this is true where the senior ranks of banks are still looking at sales credits alone, but this has to change if we want to permanently change culture for good.

If you work in sales, your default behaviour is to be selfish. I’ve seen so many occasions where a salesman wouldn’t risk gifting a client to a colleague far better qualified to help them because they didn’t want to lose money. These were personal decisions,  probably driven by paranoia, when actually someone else would have made more money for the bank and better served the client.

Sales staff have to start being more selfless and believe that gifting clients to colleagues works. A lot of the CEOs and heads of HR I’ve reported to agree with me – they are the visionaries and, sadly, still in the minority. Giving up clients to focus on management might make you feel like a baby turtle heading for the sea, but if you want to make it to managing director, it’s what you have to do.

Chris Fleming is the former head of global markets EMEA sales at Nomura. He has held various senior positions including European head of interest rate sales at Royal Bank of Scotland and head of European government bond sales at UBS. Last year he launched mentorXchange, which is designed to put selfless mentors into a position where they can guide people and their company toward more rewarding, successful and satisfying careers. You can contact him at info@mentorexchange.co.uk

Image: Getty Images

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Banks just can’t find enough cyber-security talent

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Banks are desperate to hire cyber-security professionals and a shortage of talent means they’re looking outside of the financial services industry. Goldman Sachs turned to the White House for its new cyber-security lead, while Morgan Stanley hired a counter-terrorism expert and BNP Paribas recruited from consulting.

A new survey by Deloitte suggests that financial services organisations are both stepping up cyber-security initiatives and encouraging their staff to behave more ethically.

“Cyber talent continues to be in short supply, especially when it comes to quality hires and in areas like advanced threat management,” said Vikram Bhat, a principal and the head of the financial services cyber risk services team in the risk and financial advisory practice at Deloitte. “Firms are poaching from one another and the government. There are new areas emerging when it comes to talent needs in this area: analytics, data science and machine learning, among others,” he said.

Only 42% of Deloitte survey respondents said they considered their employer to be extremely or very effective in managing cyber-security risk. However, when asked which risk type would increase in importance for their firm over the next two years, respondents ranked cyber-security is the that most often – 41% – among the top three.

Financial services executives have been increasingly concerned about improving their firm’s management of cyber-security risks – in part because the issue has been receiving greater attention from regulators and policy-makers, says Deloitte.

The report notes the wide range of cyber-risks that banks and other financial services firms much contend with, including attacks on operating systems; locking users out of their computers and data; theft or corruption of data and systems; and release of confidential data, intellectual property or corporate strategy.

Banks, securities companies and asset management firms, including hedge funds, as well as payment and clearing systems, are prime targets for cyber-criminals looking to steal money or data, or compromise critical infrastructure. Deloitte reported that the large amounts of money involved and the increased use of online and mobile banking spur on such cyber-crime.

Deloitte estimates that the number of cyberattacks against financial institutions is around four times greater than those targeting companies in other industries.

Last year, the New York State Department of Financial Services (DFS) proposed “first-in-the-nation cyber-security regulation,” prescriptive cyber-security requirements for banks and insurers.

In addition, the U.S. Federal Reserve, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) gave advanced notice of a rule-making proposal to require enhanced cyber risk management and resilience standards for large banks, which may lead to a more formal proposed rule in 2017.

The regulators in the European Union are expected to follow suit, meaning that banks on both sides of the pond will have to enhance their cybersecurity protections by adding headcount.

“There is an opportunity here for growing grassroots talent,” Bhat said. “There’s also the opportunity for cross-training in a meaningful way: Industry and government can do more, and do better, to create the environment and funding [to cultivate cybersecurity talent].”

Photo credit: BeeBright/GettyImages
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Is Bill Winters failing to deliver at Standard Chartered’s investment bank?

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This June, Bill Winters will have been CEO of Standard Chartered for two years. During that time, the ex head of J.P. Morgan’s markets division has made some big changes to the corporate and investment bank (CIB). He’s closed Standard Chartered’s equities business. He’s cut 25% of Standard Chartered’s managing directors (MDs). He’s laid off 10% of Standard Chartered’s CIB staff at all levels. And he’s hired in Roberto Hoornweg, a former senior fixed income trader at UBS, as head of global markets. So far, however, Winters’ efforts haven’t had the desired effect.

While other investment banks have been riding a recovery in fixed income sales and trading revenues, Standard Chartered has been languishing. Last year’s 7% profit rise in the corporate investment bank looks good – until you look across to J.P. Morgan, where CIB profits were up 36% on 2015, or Barclays where they were up 14%.

Although Winters was a fixed income trader by profession, Standard Chartered’s fixed income sales and trading businesses under-performed in 2016. FX revenues were down 18% on 2015. Rates revenues were down 11%. Credit revenues were stable. By comparison, credit trading revenues at Barclays were up 44% and macro (FX and rates) revenues were up 9%. At HSBC, rates revenues were up 54%, credit revenues were up 27% and FX revenues were up 4%. At Standard Chartered, something went wrong.

The blame for last year’s poor performance can’t be pinned on Hoornweg, who only turned up in December. However, Hoornweg will be expected to make amends in 2017. There are already signs that he’s shaking things up – a memo went out at the start of last month announcing that Vinod Aachi, global head of financial sales, was leaving and that Neh Thaker was becoming sole global head of rates, FX and credit. Six weeks later, however, insiders say a replacement for Aachi has yet to be announced. This is a shame: Deutsche says its fixed income trading business has enjoyed a buoyant start to the year. Standard Chartered risks losing out on a strong first half.

It’s not all bad. Stan Chart’s share price is up nearly 51% over the past year – more than HSBC’s (47%) or Barclays’ (39%). Bernstein analyst Chirantan Barua has got a buy rating on the bank’s stock, which he says should benefit from rising Asian trade volumes. Barua points out that Standard Chartered has “best in class” capital levels and that most of the “heavy lifting” has been done in removing costs. Even so, there are more costs to come out. Barua points out that spending at the bank went from ~$7.5bn in 2008 to around $11bn in 2014. Last year costs were trimmed to $10bn but Barua thinks a further $300m needs to go. The challenge for Winters – and for Hoornweg – is to achieve this while reinvigorating the CIB so that it benefits from the booming fixed income market. Replacing Aachi might be good place to start. – The question is, with whom: Standard Chartered insiders may not bring the requisite oomph, and big hires from big name banks may struggle to perform on Stan Chart’s more challenging platform.


Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com


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Bank that said it would downsize in the UK after Brexit makes major new hires from Deutsche Bank and J.P. Morgan

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An emerging markets focused bank, which is considering moving business out of the UK after Brexit, has just poached senior bankers from both Deutsche Bank and J.P. Morgan in London.

Russian investment bank VTB Capital, has hired Raymond O’Leary, the former head of CMTS, Turkey, Israel and Africa investment banking at Deutsche Bank, as head of origination for Africa.

O’Leary spent the best part of seven years working as an MD within Deutsche’s emerging markets investment banking team. He joined from investment manager Solent Capital Partners in June 2010.

O’Leary is not the only senior recruit at VTB Capital in London this year. Alvaro Baranda Molina, an executive director and head of Iberia strategic equity derivatives at J.P. Morgan, has also just joined the bank as a managing director in international origination and structured equity for EMEA. Molina worked at J.P. Morgan for 11 years.

Not many banks are signing off on big hires in London right now as the UK government gears up to serve Article 50 and start the country’s exit from the EU.

VTB Capital said in October that it was cutting back its London operations. VTB CEO Audrey Kostin told Bloomberg at the time that it was likely to reduce its UK business “for business reasons, not for political reasons”, but suggested that Brexit could impact the size of its London office. VTB was more likely to focus on high margin retail business, he said.

Since then, however, the bank has been keen to reduce speculation that it’s downsizing because of Brexit, with VTB Capital’s CEO, Alexei Yakovitsky, saying that London was “important because there’s human capital, there are clients, there are investors and this is really the centre, or one of the global centres, of international finance.”

VTB has been parting ways with senior bankers too. In November, Andrew Cornthwaite, its head of global banking, left and is now running a pub Hereford and Worcester called The Baiting House.

Contact: pclarke@efinancialcareers.com

Photo: Getty Images

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“I’m an MD in an investment bank. 21 year-olds have no interest in me”

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Banking isn’t sexy any more. It’s a cliché, but as with all clichés it’s absolutely true. I’ve spent 14 years working in finance in NYC, latterly as a managing director. I’ve experienced the growing lack of sexiness first hand.

Ten years ago, when I went out on campus, students would flock to me. This was before the financial crisis. It was when banks still paid big money, and when up-and-coming 26-year-old associates like me were doing everyone’s fantasy job. The last time I went on campus – in fall 2016, I was ignored. People still came to our table at the careers fairs, but in much smaller numbers. For the first time, I had to go out there and search for students who might want to work for us –  students who were congregating at tech firms and other industries. That’s a bad sign: these people are the lifeblood of banking’s future.

There’s a reason it’s got like this, and it’s not going to go away. Banks are trapped by their need to increase their return on equity. Most banks still aren’t covering their cost of equity and until they do, they can’t be real meritocracies in the style of Facebook or the buy-side. Their big priority is cutting costs.

This isn’t how it was in the old days. It used to be that you came into banking because you made $85k a year as an analyst and you tripled your compensation in the first three years. Nowadays, banks are simply giving their stars a 10% to 15% pay rise annually. The really high performing Millennials don’t want that – if they’re putting in the hours and the effort, they expect to get paid.

Nor does it help that today’s junior bankers look up and see a whole generation of older bankers who are kind of deflated. People like me are hanging on because we’ve got five years’ of deferred compensation and can’t see what else to do. Our pay falls every year: the guys who were on $3m are now on $1m and the link to performance has been eroded. There’s no incentive to go out and kill it now. There’s no swagger. We’re going through the motions. We should quit, but we don’t know what else to do.

This is why, when we do persuade the 21-year-olds over to our table at careers fairs and we get them through our door, they often don’t stay. Banks like mine have a huge problem keeping hold of second year analysts. These are the juniors doing the grunt work. There are fewer of them and they have to work harder than their predecessors. They look up and they see the guys like me blocking their progress. They see that they’re only going to get pay rises of 15% a year. There’s no upside in it any more. And so they go off and do something else instead. Something sexy, which banking isn’t. And that’s a shame.

Marty Smith is the pseudonym of an MD in the markets business of an international bank on Wall Street 


Contact: sbutcher@efinancialcareers.com


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